{
  "gender" : [ {
    "id" : "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/gender#male",
    "label" : "Männlich"
  } ],
  "dateOfDeath" : [ "1881-12-09" ],
  "placeOfDeath" : [ {
    "id" : "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4068038-1",
    "label" : "Zürich"
  } ],
  "type" : [ "DifferentiatedPerson", "Person", "AuthorityResource" ],
  "gndSubjectCategory" : [ {
    "id" : "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/gnd-sc#31.3p",
    "label" : "Personen zu Architektur, Bautechnik"
  }, {
    "id" : "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/gnd-sc#31.16p",
    "label" : "Personen zu Technik (ohne Architektur, Bautechnik)"
  } ],
  "oldAuthorityNumber" : [ "(DE-588a)159073944", "(DE-588c)4528571-8", "(DE-588a)117666009" ],
  "geographicAreaCode" : [ {
    "id" : "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/geographic-area-code#XA-DE",
    "label" : "Deutschland"
  }, {
    "id" : "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/geographic-area-code#XA-CH",
    "label" : "Schweiz"
  } ],
  "biographicalOrHistoricalInformation" : [ "Dt. Ingenieur u. Baustatiker; seit 1855 Prof. in Zürich" ],
  "affiliation" : [ {
    "id" : "https://d-nb.info/gnd/252591-4",
    "label" : "Eidgenössisches Polytechnicum"
  } ],
  "academicDegree" : [ "Prof." ],
  "publication" : [ "Der Bau der eisernen Brücken in England und Amerika", "Die graphische Statik", "Anwendungen der graphischen Statik", "Der kontinuierliche Balken", "Druck kreisförmiger Tonnengewölbe auf ihre Lehrgerüste", "Der Bau der hölzernen Brücken in den Vereinigten Staaten von Nordamerika", "Der Bogen", "Das Fachwerk", "Die im Inneren eines Balkens wirkenden Kräfte" ],
  "describedBy" : {
    "id" : "https://d-nb.info/gnd/117666009/about",
    "maintainer" : {
      "id" : "https://ld.zdb-services.de/resource/organisations/DE-611",
      "label" : "https://ld.zdb-services.de/resource/organisations/DE-611"
    },
    "dctCreator" : {
      "id" : "https://ld.zdb-services.de/resource/organisations/DE-611",
      "label" : "https://ld.zdb-services.de/resource/organisations/DE-611"
    },
    "license" : {
      "id" : "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/",
      "label" : "http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/"
    },
    "dateModified" : "2025-04-11T21:03:54.000",
    "descriptionLevel" : {
      "id" : "https://d-nb.info/standards/vocab/gnd/description-level#1",
      "label" : "Katalogisierungslevel 1"
    }
  },
  "gndIdentifier" : "117666009",
  "id" : "https://d-nb.info/gnd/117666009",
  "preferredName" : "Culmann, Carl",
  "wikipedia" : [ {
    "id" : "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Culmann",
    "label" : "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Culmann"
  } ],
  "preferredNameEntityForThePerson" : {
    "forename" : [ "Carl" ],
    "surname" : [ "Culmann" ]
  },
  "depiction" : [ {
    "id" : "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl%20Culmann.jpg",
    "url" : "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Karl%20Culmann.jpg?uselang=de",
    "thumbnail" : "https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Karl%20Culmann.jpg?width=270",
    "publisher" : "Wikimedia Commons",
    "creatorName" : [ "Unknown authorUnknown author" ],
    "creditText" : [ "[1]" ],
    "copyrighted" : false,
    "license" : [ {
      "id" : "https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/",
      "attributionRequired" : false,
      "name" : "Public Domain",
      "abbr" : "PD"
    } ]
  } ],
  "professionOrOccupation" : [ {
    "id" : "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4026955-3",
    "label" : "Ingenieur"
  }, {
    "id" : "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4004812-3",
    "label" : "Bauingenieur"
  } ],
  "placeOfBirth" : [ {
    "id" : "https://d-nb.info/gnd/4087278-6",
    "label" : "Bad Bergzabern"
  } ],
  "dateOfBirth" : [ "1821-07-10" ],
  "variantNameEntityForThePerson" : [ {
    "forename" : [ "Carl" ],
    "surname" : [ "Kuhlmann" ]
  }, {
    "forename" : [ "K." ],
    "surname" : [ "Culmann" ]
  }, {
    "forename" : [ "C." ],
    "surname" : [ "Culmann" ]
  }, {
    "personalName" : [ "Culmann" ]
  }, {
    "forename" : [ "Karl" ],
    "surname" : [ "Culmann" ]
  }, {
    "forename" : [ "Karl" ],
    "surname" : [ "Kuhlmann" ]
  } ],
  "@context" : "https://lobid.org/gnd/context.jsonld",
  "variantName" : [ "Kuhlmann, Carl", "Kuhlmann, Karl", "Culmann, K.", "Culmann, Karl", "Culmann", "Culmann, C." ],
  "sameAs" : [ {
    "id" : "http://id.loc.gov/rwo/agents/n96072713",
    "collection" : {
      "id" : "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q13219454",
      "abbr" : "LC",
      "publisher" : "Library of Congress",
      "icon" : "http://www.loc.gov/favicon.ico",
      "name" : "NACO Authority File"
    }
  }, {
    "id" : "http://viaf.org/viaf/62332244",
    "collection" : {
      "id" : "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q54919",
      "abbr" : "VIAF",
      "publisher" : "OCLC",
      "icon" : "http://viaf.org/viaf/images/viaf.ico",
      "name" : "Virtual International Authority File (VIAF)"
    }
  }, {
    "collection" : {
      "abbr" : "CH_HLS",
      "name" : "Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS)",
      "publisher" : "Historisches Lexikon der Schweiz (HLS)",
      "icon" : "https://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/favicon.ico",
      "id" : "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q642074"
    },
    "id" : "http://www.hls-dhs-dss.ch/textes/d/D19845.php"
  }, {
    "id" : "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q123767",
    "collection" : {
      "id" : "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q2013",
      "abbr" : "WIKIDATA",
      "publisher" : "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
      "icon" : "https://www.wikidata.org/static/favicon/wikidata.ico",
      "name" : "Wikidata"
    }
  }, {
    "collection" : {
      "abbr" : "DNB",
      "name" : "Gemeinsame Normdatei (GND) im Katalog der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek",
      "publisher" : "Deutsche Nationalbibliothek",
      "icon" : "https://www.dnb.de/SiteGlobals/Frontend/DNBWeb/Images/favicon.png?__blob=normal&v=4",
      "id" : "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q36578"
    },
    "id" : "https://d-nb.info/gnd/117666009/about"
  }, {
    "id" : "https://dbpedia.org/resource/Carl_Culmann",
    "collection" : {
      "id" : "https://dbpedia.org"
    }
  }, {
    "collection" : {
      "abbr" : "dewiki",
      "name" : "Wikipedia (Deutsch)",
      "publisher" : "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
      "icon" : "https://de.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico",
      "id" : "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q48183"
    },
    "id" : "https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Culmann"
  }, {
    "collection" : {
      "abbr" : "enwiki",
      "name" : "Wikipedia (English)",
      "publisher" : "Wikimedia Foundation Inc.",
      "icon" : "https://en.wikipedia.org/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico",
      "id" : "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q328"
    },
    "id" : "https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Culmann"
  }, {
    "id" : "https://isni.org/isni/0000000079992110",
    "collection" : {
      "id" : "https://isni.org"
    }
  }, {
    "collection" : {
      "abbr" : "ARCHIV-D",
      "name" : "Archivportal-D",
      "publisher" : "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek",
      "icon" : "https://www.archivportal-d.de/favicon.ico",
      "id" : "https://www.archivportal-d.de"
    },
    "id" : "https://www.archivportal-d.de/person/gnd/117666009"
  }, {
    "collection" : {
      "abbr" : "ADB",
      "name" : "Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB)",
      "publisher" : "Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Bayerische Staatsbibliothek",
      "icon" : "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/favicon.ico",
      "id" : "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de"
    },
    "id" : "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117666009.html#adbcontent"
  }, {
    "collection" : {
      "abbr" : "NDB",
      "name" : "Neue Deutsche Biographie (NDB)",
      "publisher" : "Historische Kommission bei der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften und Bayerische Staatsbibliothek",
      "icon" : "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/favicon.ico",
      "id" : "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de"
    },
    "id" : "https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117666009.html#ndbcontent"
  }, {
    "collection" : {
      "abbr" : "DDB",
      "name" : "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek",
      "publisher" : "Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek",
      "icon" : "https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/favicon.ico",
      "id" : "http://www.wikidata.org/entity/Q621630"
    },
    "id" : "https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/117666009"
  } ]
}